After Effects can start additional processes of the After Effects application to run in the background to assist the main application with the rendering of frames for RAM previews or final output. These background processes have the name AfterFX.exe (Windows) or aeselflink (Mac OS).
Each background process renders its own frame and runs on a separate processor core (CPU). The number of processes used to render multiple frames simultaneously is never more than the number of processors. The number of background processes that can run on your computer also depends on the total amount of system RAM and the amount of RAM that is assigned to the main application (Maximum RAM Cache Size). The amount of RAM required for each background process varies depending on your system configuration; at least 1GB per process is recommended.
If background processes are used for rendering, then the main foreground application is not also used for rendering. This means that creating background processes only adds to the total number of processes used for rendering if there are enough resources for at least two background processes to run.
The bottom of the Preferences dialog box shows how many additional processors (in addition to the worst-case scenario of one processor) will be used at the current settings. To increase the number of background processes that can run, decrease Maximum RAM Cache Size or install more RAM.
Because antivirus software operates by monitoring every read and write operation, such software can decrease rendering speed, especially with the Render Multiple Frames Simultaneously preference selected.
If the rendering of a single frame requires more RAM than is available to the individual background processes, then After Effects will not render multiple frames simultaneously and will instead use only the main foreground process to render all frames for that composition. If After Effects can’t use background processes to render multiple frames simultaneously, a message appears in the Info panel.