The attached image is a page of encyclopedia passages typeset like a newspaper: a monospace pixel font in TWO columns of {col_w} characters, {rows} rows each, separated by a vertical gutter of white space.

Reading order: read the LEFT column top-to-bottom first, then continue at the top of the RIGHT column and read it top-to-bottom. Article titles appear as bold uppercase headings; paragraphs within an article are separated by blank lines, and text is word-wrapped (no words are split across lines or columns).

Questions follow after the image. Answer them using ONLY text you can read in the image.
- Give short extractive answers: a word or phrase copied from the text.
- If you cannot read the relevant region well enough to answer, reply exactly UNREADABLE for that question.
- Output a numbered list, one answer per line, no commentary.