---
title: "Tools"
description: "Built-in tools for file I/O, shell commands, search, and web access"
---
Every agent in Fabro has access to a set of built-in tools for interacting with the codebase and environment. Tools execute inside the agent's [sandbox](/execution/environments) — whether that's the local machine, a Docker container, or a Daytona VM — so the same tool calls work identically regardless of provider.
The tools described on this page apply to the **API backend** (the default). When using the [CLI backend](/core-concepts/agents#cli-backend), the external CLI tool (`claude`, `codex`, or `gemini`) provides its own tools — Fabro's built-in tools are not used.
## Core tools
These tools are registered for every provider profile:
| Tool | Category | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `shell` | shell | Run shell commands via `/bin/bash -c` |
| `read_file` | read | Read file contents with optional offset and limit |
| `write_file` | write | Create or overwrite a file |
| `grep` | read | Search file contents with regex patterns |
| `glob` | read | Find files by name pattern |
| `web_search` | shell | Search the web via Brave Search |
| `web_fetch` | shell | Fetch and optionally summarize a URL |
## Provider-specific tools
Some tools are only available with certain LLM providers:
| Tool | Providers | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `edit_file` | Anthropic, Gemini | Replace a string in a file (find-and-replace) |
| `apply_patch` | OpenAI | Apply a v4a-format patch to modify files |
| `read_many_files` | Gemini | Read multiple files in a single call |
| `list_dir` | Gemini | List directory contents with depth control |
## Tool reference
### shell
Executes a shell command via `/bin/bash -c` in the sandbox's working directory.
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `command` | string | yes | The shell command to execute |
| `timeout_ms` | integer | no | Timeout in milliseconds |
| `description` | string | no | Description of what the command does |
The timeout defaults to the provider's configured value (10s for most providers, 120s for Anthropic) and is capped at the maximum (600s / 10 minutes). If the command exceeds the timeout, Fabro kills the process and returns a "Command timed out" message along with any output captured so far.
The output includes the exit code, stdout, and stderr.
### read_file
Reads a file and returns its contents with line numbers.
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `file_path` | string | yes | Absolute path to the file |
| `offset` | integer | no | 1-based line number to start reading from |
| `limit` | integer | no | Number of lines to read (default: 2000) |
Output is formatted with line numbers (e.g. ` 1 | fn main() {`), making it easy for agents to reference specific lines when editing.
### write_file
Creates or overwrites a file.
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `file_path` | string | yes | Absolute path to the file |
| `content` | string | yes | Content to write |
The [read-before-write guardrail](#read-before-write-guardrail) prevents writing to existing files that haven't been read first. Writing to new files is always allowed.
### edit_file
Replaces a string in an existing file. Available for Anthropic and Gemini providers.
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `file_path` | string | yes | Absolute path to the file |
| `old_string` | string | yes | The string to find |
| `new_string` | string | yes | The replacement string |
| `replace_all` | boolean | no | Replace all occurrences (default: false) |
If `old_string` is not found, the tool returns an error. If multiple occurrences exist and `replace_all` is false, the tool returns an error asking for more context or to set `replace_all`.
The tool reads the file internally before writing, so it satisfies the read-before-write guardrail automatically.
### grep
Searches file contents with a regex pattern, powered by ripgrep in the sandbox.
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `pattern` | string | yes | Regex pattern to search for |
| `path` | string | no | Path to search in (default: `.`) |
| `glob_filter` | string | no | Glob pattern to filter which files are searched |
| `case_insensitive` | boolean | no | Case-insensitive search (default: false) |
| `max_results` | integer | no | Maximum number of results |
Results are returned as `file:line:content` lines. Files that appear in grep results are marked as "read" for the [read-before-write guardrail](#read-before-write-guardrail).
### glob
Finds files matching a glob pattern.
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `pattern` | string | yes | Glob pattern to match files (e.g. `**/*.rs`) |
| `path` | string | no | Directory to search in (default: working directory) |
Returns matching file paths, one per line.
Unlike `grep`, `glob` does **not** mark files as read for the read-before-write guardrail. To modify a file found via glob, the agent must read it first.
### web_search
Searches the web using the Brave Search API.
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `query` | string | yes | Search query |
| `max_results` | integer | no | Maximum results (default: 5, max: 20) |
Requires the `BRAVE_SEARCH_API_KEY` environment variable. Returns numbered results with title, URL, and description.
### web_fetch
Fetches content from a URL and optionally summarizes it with an LLM.
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `url` | string | yes | URL to fetch (must be `http://` or `https://`) |
| `prompt` | string | no | A question about the page content; returns a concise answer instead of the full page |
| `timeout_ms` | integer | no | Timeout in milliseconds (default: 30000, max: 60000) |
HTML content is automatically converted to Markdown (with script and style tags stripped). Output is capped at 100KB. When a `prompt` is provided and a summarizer model is configured, the fetched content is passed to a lightweight LLM call that returns a concise answer.
### apply_patch
Applies a v4a-format patch to create, update, or delete files. Available for OpenAI providers.
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `patch` | string | yes | Patch content in v4a format |
The v4a format uses `*** Begin Patch` / `*** End Patch` delimiters with `*** Add File:`, `*** Delete File:`, and `*** Update File:` operations.
### read_many_files
Reads multiple files in a single tool call. Available for Gemini.
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `paths` | string[] | yes | Array of absolute file paths |
Returns each file's contents prefixed with `=== path ===`.
### list_dir
Lists directory contents with optional depth control. Available for Gemini.
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| `path` | string | yes | Directory path to list |
| `depth` | integer | no | Depth of listing (default: 1) |
Directories are suffixed with `/` in the output.
## Read-before-write guardrail
Fabro wraps every sandbox in a `ReadBeforeWriteSandbox` decorator that tracks which files the agent has seen. The rules are:
1. **Writing to a new file** (one that doesn't exist yet) is always allowed
2. **Writing to an existing file** requires that the agent has previously read it via `read_file` or seen it in `grep` results
3. **Deleting an existing file** follows the same rule as writing
If an agent attempts to write to an existing file it hasn't read, the tool returns an error:
```
Cannot write to 'src/main.rs': file exists but has not been read.
Use read_file to read the file before writing to it.
```
This prevents agents from blindly overwriting files they haven't inspected. The guardrail normalizes paths so that reading `src/main.rs` (relative) and `/workspace/src/main.rs` (absolute) both satisfy the check.
## Tool execution
### Parallel execution
When an LLM returns multiple tool calls in a single response, Fabro can execute them in parallel. Independent tool calls run concurrently, while the results are collected in order. If the agent session is cancelled, pending tool calls return a "Cancelled" error.
### Argument validation
Before executing a tool, Fabro validates the arguments against the tool's JSON Schema. Invalid arguments are rejected with a descriptive error before the tool executor runs.
### Output truncation
Tool output is truncated before being stored in conversation history to prevent context window bloat. Each tool has default limits:
| Tool | Character limit | Truncation mode |
|---|---|---|
| `grep` | 30,000 | Tail (keep end) |
| `glob` | 20,000 | Tail |
| `edit_file` | 10,000 | Tail |
| `apply_patch` | 10,000 | Tail |
| `write_file` | 1,000 | Tail |
| Other tools | No default limit | Head + tail |
Limits can be overridden per-tool via `SessionConfig.tool_output_limits`.
### Error handling
When a tool call fails, the error is returned to the agent as a tool result with an error flag — the agent loop continues. Tool errors do **not** fail the stage. The LLM sees the error message and decides how to respond: retry the call, try an alternative approach, or move on.
Common error cases:
| Error | Cause |
|---|---|
| Unknown tool | The agent called a tool that doesn't exist |
| Argument validation failure | Arguments don't match the tool's JSON Schema |
| File not found | The target file doesn't exist |
| Command timeout | A shell command exceeded its timeout |
| Read-before-write | The agent tried to write to a file it hasn't read (see [guardrail](#read-before-write-guardrail)) |
### Timeouts
Shell commands have two timeout settings:
| Setting | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `default_command_timeout_ms` | 10,000 (120,000 for Anthropic) | Timeout when the agent doesn't specify one |
| `max_command_timeout_ms` | 600,000 (10 minutes) | Hard cap regardless of what the agent requests |
The agent can request a specific timeout via the `timeout_ms` parameter, but it's always capped at the maximum.
## Extending with MCP
Additional tools can be added via [MCP servers](/agents/mcp). MCP tools appear alongside built-in tools in the agent's tool set and follow the same permission and execution model.
## Further reading
How permissions control which tools are available.
Sandbox providers where tools execute.
Extend agents with Model Context Protocol servers.
Sub-agents inherit tools from their parent session.